Adipose- Derived Stem Cells as a Tool for Dental Implant Osseointegration: an Experimental Study in the Dog

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Eriberto Bressan 1 , 2
Daniele Botticelli 2 , 3
Stefano Sivolella 1 , 2
Franco Bengazi 2
Riccardo Guazzo 1
Luca Sbricoli 1
Sara Ricci 1
Letizia Ferroni 4
Chiara Gardin 4
Joaquin Urbizo Velez 2
Barbara Zavan 4
1 Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
2 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba
3 Oral Surgery Division, ARDEC, Ariminum Odontologica, Rimini, Italy
4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Bassi 58, 35100 Padua, Italy
Abstract
The biological interaction between the jaw bones and dental implant is fundamental for the long-term success of
dental implant placement. Nevertheless, the insufficient bone volume remains a major clinical problem,
especially in case of immediate dental implant. Using a canine model, the present study proves the regenerative
potential of adipose- derived stem cells (ADSCs) to repair peri-implant bone defects occurring in immediate
dental implant placement. In six labradors, all mandibular premolars and the first molars were extracted
bilaterally and three months later dental implants were installed with a marginal gap. The marginal defects were
filled with hydroxyapatite (HA)-based scaffolds previously seeded with ADSCs. After one month of healing,
specimens were prepared for histological and histomorphometric evaluations. Histological analyses of ground
sections show that ADSCs significantly increase bone regeneration. Several new vessels, osteoblasts and new
bone matrix were detected. By contrast, no inflammatory cells have been revealed. ADSCs could be used to
accelerate bone healing in peri- implant defects in case of immediate dental implant placement.
Keywords
Adipose-derived stem cells
alveolar bone loss
peri-implant bone defect
immediate dental implant
bone regeneration
hydroxyapatite