Candida albicans Impact on the Progression, Morphology, and CellularIntegrity of Biofilm

Document Type : Review Article

Authors
Seçkin Yalçın 1
Selin özel 2
Emir Farboud Bonabian 3
Dilara çamyar 4
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2  Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
3 Department of prosthodontics ,School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University.
4 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.620
Abstract
The capacity of Candida albicans to adhere to diverse oral substrates constitutes a
pivotal preliminary phase in the formation of a pathogenic fungal biofilm. Yeast cells
demonstrate a considerable ability to bind to host tissues, encompassing dental
structures and mucosal surfaces, in addition to synthetic, non-biological materials such
as dental appliances. Biomaterials utilized for the restoration of oral functionality are
prone to biofilm formation, which can detrimentally affect oral health. Oral
microorganisms can adhere to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces; however,
in vivo investigations indicate that hydrophobic surfaces tend to accumulate minimal
biofilm due to differential shear forces. Rough surfaces are observed to retain more
biofilm compared to their smooth counterparts. The presence of biofilms on composite
materials and glass-ionomer cement types results in surface degradation, consequently
fostering additional biofilm development. While the leaching of residual monomers
from composites has been shown to influence biofilm proliferation in vitro, the effect
in vivo appears to be less consequential, likely attributable to the dilution and continual
renewal of saliva. Furthermore, research has produced inconsistent findings regarding
the influence of fluoride release from glass-ionomer cement types. A comparative
analysis is conducted between biomaterial-associated infections in implants and
devices situated in other anatomical regions and the formation of oral biofilms. The
discourse critically evaluates alterations to biomaterials aimed at diminishing biofilm
formation on implants and devices, taking into account their prospective applications
within dentistry. The conclusion reached is that for dental applications, antimicrobial
coatings that exterminate fungi upon contact are deemed more efficacious than those
that gradually release antimicrobial agents.
Keywords
Biofilm
Candidia albicans
Implant