TNF-α and E-Selectin as Valuable Biomarkers in Patients with AcuteCoronary Artery Syndrome

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ghassan Jabbar Auda 1
Ali Mohammed Barakat 1
Hassan Sarhan Sachet 1
Raed Fanoukh Aboqader 2
Adnan Taan Thamer 3
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, AUIQ, An Nasiriyah, Iraq.
2 Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology , College of Medicine, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, AUIQ, An Nasiriyah, Iraq
3 Department of Internal Medicine and Intervention Cardiology, College of Medicine, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, AUIQ, An Nasiriyah, Iraq.
10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.14.2.694
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide,
especially in developing countries, with dyslipidemia being a major risk factor. This
study aimed to evaluate lipid parameters and inflammatory biomarkers—E-selectin
and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)—to understand their roles in the
pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A case-control design was used,
involving 120 participants: 60 patients diagnosed with ACS and 60 healthy controls,
enrolled between January and December 2024. Blood samples were analyzed to assess
lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and VLDL, using
a SMART-120 chemistry analyzer. Serum levels of TNF-α and E-selectin were
measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed
significant differences in lipid profiles between ACS patients and controls, supporting
the impact of dyslipidemia on ACS development. E-selectin levels were significantly
elevated in ACS patients (213.26 ± 2.72 pg/mL) compared to controls (175.11 ± 2.71
pg/mL), with P < 0.0001. Similarly, TNF-α levels were higher in patients (83.20 ± 3.88
pg/mL) than controls (45.65 ± 1.79 pg/mL), also with P < 0.0001. ROC curve analysis
demonstrated that E-selectin had 96% sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff of 73.44
pg/mL, while TNF-α had 93% sensitivity and 86% specificity at a cutoff of 188.65
pg/mL. Both biomarkers positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.572, P <
0.0001).The findings suggest that TNF-α and E-selectin are potential diagnostic
biomarkers for ACS and play key.
Keywords
Acute coronary artery syndrome
E-selectin
TNF-alpha
hyperlipidemia